Gregory
of Tours: On Clovis
The
history of the Franks was written about a century after the time of Clovis
by Gregory, bishop of Tours. The following extracts give some notion of
this valuable source, upon which a great part of Our knowledge of the
Merovingian period rests
The
Incident of the Vase at Soissons
At this time [A.D. 486] the army of Clovis pillaged many churches, for
he was still sunk in the errors of idolatry. The soldiers had borne away
from a church, with all the other ornaments of the holy ministry, a vase
of marvelous size and beauty. The bishop of this church sent messengers
to the king, begging that if the church might not recover any other of
the holy vessels, at least this one might be restored. The king, bearing
these things, replied to the messenger: "Follow thou us to Soissons,
for there all things that have been acquired are to be divided. If the
lot shall give me this vase, I will do what the bishop desires."
When be had reached Soissons, and all the booty had been placed in the
midst of the army, the king pointed to this vase, and said: "I ask
you, O most valiant warriors, not to refuse to me the vase in addition
to my rightful part," Those of discerning mind among his men answered,
"O glorious king, all things which we see are thine, and we ourselves
are subject to thy power; now do what seems pleasing to thee, for none
is strong enough to resist thee." When they had thus spoken one of
the soldiers, impetuous, envious, and vain, raised his battle-axe aloft
and crushed the vase with it, crying, "Thou shalt receive nothing
of this unless a just lot give it to thee." At this all were stupefied.
The
king bore his injury with the calmness of patience, and when he had received
the crushed vase he gave it to the bishop's messenger, but be cherished
a hidden wound in his breast. When a year had passed he ordered the whole
army to come fully equipped to the Campus Martius and show their arms
in brilliant array - But when he had reviewed them all he came to the
breaker of the vase, and said to him, "No one bears his arms so clumsily
as thou ; for neither thy spear, nor thy sword, nor thy ax is ready for
use." And seizing his ax, he cast it on the ground. And when the
soldier had bent a little to pick it up the king raised his hands and
crushed, his head with his own ax. "Thus," he said, "didst
thou to the vase at Soissons."
The Conversion of Clovis to Christianity
[Clovis took to wife Clotilde, daughter of the king of the Burgundians.
Now Clotilde was a Christian. When her first son was born] she wished
to consecrate him by baptism, and begged her husband unceasingly, saying,
I , The gods whom thou honorest are nothing they cannot help themselves
nor others; for they are carved from stone, or from wood, or from some
metal. The names which you have given them were of men, not of gods, -
like Saturn, who is said to have escaped by flight, to avoid being deprived
of his power by his son; and like Jupiter himself, foul perpetrator of
all uncleanness. . . . What power have Mars and Mercury ever had ? They
are endowed with magical arts rather than divine power.
"The God who should be worshiped is he who by his word created from
nothingness the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that in them is;
he who made the sun to shine and adorned the sky with stars; who filled
the waters with creeping things, the land with animals, the air with winged
creatures; by whose bounty the earth is glad with crops, the trees with
fruit, the vines with grapes; by whose hand the human race was created;
whose bounty has ordained that all things should give homage and service
to man, whom he created."
But
when the queen had said these things, the mind of Clovis was not stirred
to believe. He answered: "By the will of our gods all things are
created and produced. Evidently your god can do nothing, and it is not
even proved that he belongs to the race of gods."
Meantime-
the faithful queen presented her son for baptism. She had the church adorned
with tapestry, seeking to attract by this splendor him whom her exhortations
had not moved. But the child whom they called Ingomer, after he had been
born again through baptism, died in his white baptismal robe. Then the
king reproached the queen bitterly. , if the child had been consecrated
in the name of my gods he would be alive still. But now, because he is
baptized in the name of your god, he cannot live."
After
this another son was born to him, and called in baptism Clodomir. He fell
very ill. Then the king said: "Because he, like his brother, was
baptized in the name of Christ he must soon die." But his mother
prayed, and by God's will the child recovered.
The
queen unceasingly urged the king to acknowledge the true God, and forsake
idols. But he could not in any wise be brought to believe until a war
broke out with the Alemanni. Then he was by necessity compelled to confese
what he had before willfully denied.
It
happened that the two armies were in battle and there was great slaughter.
Clovis' army was near to utter destruction. He saw the danger; his heart
Was stirred; he was moved to tears, and he raised his eyes to heaven,
saying - , Jesus Christ, whom Clotilde declares to be the son of the living
God, who it is said givest aid to the oppressed and victory to those who
put their hope in thee, I beseech the glory of thy aid. If thou shalt
grant me victory over these enemies and I test that power which people
consecrated to thy name say they have proved concerning thee, I will believe
in thee and be baptized in thy name. For 1 have called upon my gods, but,
as 1 have proved, they are far removed4 from my aid. So I believe that
they have no power, for they do not succor those who serve them. Now 1
call upon thee, and I long to believe in thee -all the more that may escape
my enemies."
When
he had said these things, the Alemanni turned their backs and began to
flee. When they saw that their king was killed, they submitted to the
sway of Clovis, saying: "We wish that no more people should perish.
Now we are thine." When the king had forbidden further war, and praised
his soldiers, he told the queen how he had won the victory by calling
on the name of Christ.
Then
the queen sent to the blessed Remigius, bishop of the city of Rheims,
praying him to bring to the king the gospel of salvation. The priest,
little by little and secretly, led him to believe in the true God, maker
of heaven and earth, and to forsake idols, which could not help him nor
anybody else.
But
the king said: "Willingly will I hear thee, O father; but one thing
is in the way - that the people who follow me are not content to leave
their gods. I will go and speak to them according to thy word."
When
be came among them, the power of God went before him, and before he had
spoken all the people cried out together: " We cast off mortal gods,
0 righteous king, and we are ready to follow the God whom Remigius tells
us s immortal."
These
thin-s were told to the bishop. He was filled with joy, and ordered the
font to be prepared. The streets were shaded with embroidered hangings
; the churches were adorned with white tapestries, the baptistery was
set in order, the odor of balsam spread around, candles gleamed, and all
the temple of the baptistery was filled with divine odor. . . . Then the
king confessed the God omnipotent in the Trinity, and was baptized in
the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, and was
anointed with the sacred chrism with the sign of the cross of Christ.
Of his army there were baptized more than three thousand.
From
the accounts translated in J. H. Robinson, Readings in European History,
(Boston: Ginn, 1905), pp. 51-55
This
text is part of the
Internet
Medieval Source Book.
|