A.D. 1192. GASCONY REDUCED IO SUBJECTION TO KING RICHARD. 277 and on this matter our lord the pope appointed the bishops of Lincoln and London judges. On the letters being given to the clerks of our lord the archbishop of Rouen, they came to our lord the pope, and said to him, alluding to the chancellor, " Behold how he loved him !" 9 3 In the same year, our lord the pope sent two cardinals as legates a latere, namely, Octavianus, bishop of Ostia, and Jordan de Fossa Nova, to put an end to the dissensions that existed between the chancellor and the archbishop of Rouen. On their arrival at Gisors, in Normandy, the gate was shut against them, and they could not obtain admittance. When they ascertained that this was done by William FitzRalph, seneschal of Normandy, they excommunicated him and all his accomplices and coadjutors, advisers and abettors in the said piece of presumption, and laid the whole of Normandy under interdict. On this being told in England, queen Eleanor and the archbishop of Rouen sent to them Hugh, bishop of Durham, that they might revoke the sentence they had pronounced against the seneschal of Normandy and Normandy itself. At first the bishop of Durham found them at Paris, after which he followed them to Vezelay, but they would by no means remit the sentence until they had been received in Normandy. However, our lord the pope revoked the interdict placed upon Normandy, and caused it to be revoked by the legates ; but still they did not enter Normandy. In the same year, while the seneschal of Gascony lay ill, the count de Perigord and the viscount de Marke and nearly all the barons of Gascony, began to ravage the territories of the king of England ; and in the meantime, the seneschal could neither obtain peace nor truce, although he frequently, and more than frequently, requested it. Having at length recovered, he attacked the castles and fortresses of the said count, and besieged and took them all, fortifying some on behalf of the king, and levelling others with the ground. In like manner, he took all the castles of the said viscount, and reduced the whole of that county to final subjection to the king. Shortly after, the son of the king of Navarre came to his assistance with eight hundred knights ; on which, they together entered the territory of the count of Toulouse, and took many castles in the vicinity of " St. John xi. 36. This they spitefully and ironically said, in allusion to the impression entertained by the pope relative to the affection of the king for the bishop of Ely.